The 27-year-old´s real name is Dwayne Carter. He also uses the name "Weezy."
Carter appeared in New York State Supreme Court wearing jeans and a gray hooded sweatshirt.
He was sentenced, after a plea agreement, in a case in which a gun was found in his tour bus in July 2007.
Carter remained silent during the hearing and nodded solemnly when led to jail in handcuffs.
His sentencing had been postponed twice in the last month, once so he could get dental surgery, then again because a fire shut the courthouse for four days.
His album "Tha Carter III" was the biggest-selling U.S. release of 2008.
Carter won best rap album, and three other prizes at the 2009 Grammy Awards.
He has already recorded numerous music videos in anticipation of prison time.